1. Man-made Genetic Instructions Yield Living Cells for the First Time
(Category/DNA News)

... of DNA." In other words, a chemical synthesizer stitched together various short iterations of man-made adenine, cytosine, guanine and thymine that were then assembled into a working genome ...

2. Paternity Test - Comparative DNA Testing
(Category/DNA Testing)

In forensic pathology, DNA fingerprinting is used to single out one suspect from many possible subjects and to provide odds that the DNA at a crime scene matches the suspect's DNA. In paternity testing, ...

3. DNA Database
(Category/DNA Testing)

By the time the Nature article had appeared in 1994, confirming the scientific community’s acceptance of DNA typing, law enforcement agencies had already accepted the validity of the technology and moved ...

4. DNA Probes
(Category/DNA Testing)

In 1961, researchers Sol Spiegelman and Edward Hall discovered that single-stranded DNA forms hydrogen bonds with a complementary strand of RNA and yields a double-stranded DNA-RNA molecule. For the next ...

5. Polymerase Chain Reaction - PCR
(Category/DNA Testing)

... in Chemistry in 1993). It allows the DNA technologist to reproduce a single strand of DNA to a billion identical copies in a few hours. (A cancer cell, known for its high reproductive ability, would require ...

6. DNA Analysis and Diagnosis
(Category/DNA Testing)

... to these techniques is the DNA molecule. It is now possible to reproduce DNA in a test tube, fragment it, determine its composition, change its structure, and map its genes. The principles learned from ...

7. Forensic DNA Typing
(Category/DNA Testing)

... The method, based on small variations in the DNA of all humans, was originally called DNA fingerprinting, because of its similarity to traditional fingerprinting. The method is now more commonly called ...

8. Genetic Technology
(Category/Genetics)

... DNA for the project. Some of this blood was not used, and the labels on the blood tubes that were used were intentionally removed so no one would know exactly whose DNA was being sequenced. The final sequence, ...

9. Genetic Testing
(Category/Genetics)

... T-cells. Scientists know that retroviruses randomly insert their DNA into the host’s DNA. They hypothesized that the retrovirus given the boys with SCID may have integrated its DNA into the middle of a ...

10. Inherited Conditions
(Category/Genetics)

... However, if abnormal gametes are produced due to a balanced translocation, the chance of having another similarly affected child increases. A mistake during meiosis is only one way damaged DNA can be inherited ...

11. Genetic Mutations and Cancer
(Category/Genetics)

All cancers are caused by a change in DNA, but most cancers are not hereditary. If genetic mutations occur that damage the way cells regulate their growth and death, cancer can be the result. Oncogenes ...

12. Other Chromosomal Abnormalities
(Category/Genetics)

... A balanced translocation does not involve any gain or loss of genetic material. The DNA is just shuffled between two different chromosomes. Because there is no gain or loss of genetic material, balanced ...

13. Passing Genes to the Next Generation
(Category/Genetics)

Following the discovery of the structure of DNA, scientists knew that the DNA molecule carried hereditary information from one generation to the next and what the molecule looked like. But exactly how ...

14. Chromosome Theory of Heredity
(Category/Genetics)

... transposons, are sequences of DNA that can move from one region of a chromosome to another. They can even move to a different chromosome entirely. Because of their mobility, transposable genes have also ...

15. Early Ideas about Heredity
(Category/Genetics)

People have always been interested in how a child comes to look like other members of its family. However, scientists did not discover DNA, genes and chromosomes until relatively recently. But that did ...

16. Fossil Avian Eggshell Preserves Ancient DNA
(Category/DNA News)

... eggshell is a previously unrecognized source of ancient DNA (aDNA). We describe the successful isolation and amplification of DNA from fossil eggshell up to 19 ka old. aDNA was successfully characterized ...

17. Junk DNA
(Category/DNA Structure)

Molecular biologists, scientists who study biology at the microscopic level, commonly call the DNA between genes “junk DNA.” As far as scientists know, these portions of the DNA do not code for any particular ...

18. Genes and Chromosomes
(Category/DNA Structure)

... molecule is called deoxyribonucleic acid, or DNA. The DNA molecule is usually found in a cell’s nucleus, which acts as the command center for the cell, telling the cell when to grow, divide, or die. Information ...

19. Rosalind Franklin
(Category/DNA Structure)

Rosalind Franklin is best known for her contributions to the study of DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and plant viruses. Her experiments with X-ray diffraction—or the use of X rays to create images of crystallized ...

20. Watson and Crick
(Category/DNA Structure)

... the characteristics of living beings can be explained by studying the molecules of which they are made. At the center of molecular biology is deoxyribonucleic acid, DNA, the molecule whose composition ...